<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vpu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник проектного управления</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of Project Management</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-6916</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Государственный университет управления</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26425/3034-6916-2026-2-1-63-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vpu-83</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРИЯ И МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORY AND METHODOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль неявных и продуктовых знаний в проектном управлении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of tacit and product knowledge in project management</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3327-2925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ященко</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yashchenko</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ященко Юрий Геннадьевич, Канд. экон. наук, директор развития эффективности бизнеса,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri G. Yashchenko, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Director of Business Efficiency,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ygyaschenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-8251</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неизвестный</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neizvestny</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Неизвестный Сергей Иванович, Д-р техн. наук, проф. каф. бизнес-информатики,</p><p>г. Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Neizvestny, Dr. Sci. (Engr.), Prof. at the Business Informatics Department,</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergey.neizvestnyy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Группа компаний «Интегра»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Integra Group</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ященко Ю.Г., Неизвестный С.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ященко Ю.Г., Неизвестный С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yashchenko Y.G., Neizvestny S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnikpu.guu.ru/jour/article/view/83">https://vestnikpu.guu.ru/jour/article/view/83</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью настоящего исследования является систематизация отечественных и зарубежных исследований о роли неявных и продуктовых знаний в проектном управлении и построение аналитической модели, объясняющей влияние этих знаний на успешность проектов и создание продуктовой ценности. Методологической основой выступает проблемно-хронологический обзор литературы, включающий классические работы по неявным знаниям, исследования управления знаниями, публикации по проектному и продуктовому управлению, а также русскоязычные источники, представленные в открытой печати. Показано, что неявные знания обеспечивают интерпретацию контекста, координацию действий и передачу опыта, тогда как продуктовые знания связывают проектные решения с потребностями пользователей, бизнес-целями и ожидаемыми эффектами. Неявные знания сложно сформировать у студентов, применяя традиционные технологии образовательного процесса вузов, так как последние приоритетно базируются на вербальных формах информации.</p><p>Бизнесу, особенно в условиях тотальной цифровизации и внедрения искусственного интеллекта, нужны специалисты, умеющие работать с невербальной информацией, которая формирует основы продуктовых знаний. Новизна исследования состоит в рассмотрении неявных и продуктовых знаний как взаимодополняющих ресурсов проектной деятельности и в выделении контуров их выявления, совместного смыслообразования, применения, сохранения и переноса в корпоративные компетенции.</p><p>Практическая значимость исследования состоит в возможности использовать предложенную модель при развитии проектных офисов, продуктовых команд, систем управления знаниями и корпоративных баз знаний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study is to systematize domestic and foreign studies on the role of tacit and product knowledge in project management and to build an analytical model explaining the impact of this knowledge on the success of projects and the creation of product value. The methodological basis is a problem-chronological review of the scientific literature, including classical works on tacit knowledge, knowledge management studies, publications on project and product management, as well as Russian-language sources presented in the open press. It has been shown that tacit knowledge provides context interpretation, coordination of actions, and transfer of experience, whereas product knowledge connects project decisions with user needs, business goals, and expected effects. It is difficult to form tacit knowledge among students using traditional technologies of the educational process at universities, since the latter are primarily based on verbal forms of information.</p><p>Business, especially in the context of total digitalization and artificial intelligence implementation, needs specialists who are able to work with non-verbal information that forms the basis of product knowledge. The novelty of the research consists in considering tacit and product knowledge as complementary resources of project activity and in highlighting the contours of their identification, joint meaning formation, application, preservation, and transfer to corporate competencies.</p><p>The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the proposed model in the development of project offices, product teams, knowledge management systems, and corporate knowledge bases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неявные знания</kwd><kwd>продуктовые знания</kwd><kwd>управление знаниями</kwd><kwd>проектное управление</kwd><kwd>продуктовый менеджмент</kwd><kwd>проектный офис</kwd><kwd>организационное обучение</kwd><kwd>проектная команда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tacit knowledge</kwd><kwd>product knowledge</kwd><kwd>knowledge management</kwd><kwd>project management</kwd><kwd>product man agement</kwd><kwd>project office</kwd><kwd>organizational learning</kwd><kwd>project team</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Апенько, С. Н. Модель и методы формирования компетенций гибкой команды устойчивого проекта предприятия / С. Н. Апенько, М. А. Романенко // Вестник Омского университета. Серия: Экономика. — 2020. — Т. 18, № 2. — С. 38–47. — https://doi.org/10.24147/1812-3988.2020.18(2).38-47. — EDN MWPPHD.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Apenko, S. N., Romanenko, M. A. (2019). Knowledge Management in Agile Teams of Flexible Enterprise Projects. Herald of Omsk University. Series Economics, 17(4), 128–140. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.24147/1812-3988.2020.18(2).38-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильева, Е. В. Формирование актуальных компетенций специалистов бизнес-информатики в условиях ИТглобализации 2.0 / Е. В. Васильева, С. И. Неизвестный, Б. Б. Славин, Ю. Г. Ященко. — Москва: КноРус, 2025. — 368 с. — ISBN 978-5-406-14464-0. — EDN XXHVCM.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Argyris, C., Schon, D. A. (1978). Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Addison-Wesley.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Звягинцев, И. В. Формирование системы управления знаниями в организации с использованием неявных знаний / И. В. Звягинцев, О. В. Рузакова // Фундаментальные исследования. — 2015. — № 2-20. — С. 4464–4468. — EDN TWSYVF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blank, S., Dorf, B. (2012). The Startup Owner’s Manual: The Step-by-Step Guide for Building a Great Company. Pescadero: K&amp;S Ranch.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильина, О. Н. Знать, чтобы уметь. Диагностика знаний в корпоративной системе управления проектами / О. Н. Ильина // Креативная экономика. — 2009. — № 8(32). — С. 124–128. — EDN KVDJSN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cagan, M. (2018). Inspired: How to Create Tech Products Customers Love. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кауфман, Н. Ю. Трансформация управления знаниями в условиях развития цифровой экономики / Н. Ю. Кауфман // Креативная экономика. — 2018. — Т. 12, № 3. — С. 261–270. — https://doi.org/10.18334/ce.12.3.38922. — EDN YUVZFN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper, R. G. (2017). Winning at New Products: Creating Value Through Innovation. 5th ed. New York: Basic Books.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комарова, А. В. Формирование системы проектно-ориентированного управления знаниями / А. В. Комарова. — Москва: Креативная экономика, 2012. — 188 с. — ISBN 978-5-91292-085-1. — EDN SNFYOF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davenport, T. H., Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. McGraw-Hill.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моисеева, Т. В. Управление знаниями при интерсубъективном управлении инновационным развитием социотехнических объектов / Т. В. Моисеева // Вестник Самарского государственного технического университета. Серия: Технические науки. — 2018. — № 3(59). — С. 41–55. — EDN YPDAFV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyina, O. N. (2009). Diagnostics of knowledge in the corporate project management system. Creative Economy, 8(32). (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Неизвестный, С. И. Трансформация управленческой мысли в Обществе 5.0 и формирование новых компетенций управленцев / С. И. Неизвестный // Наука и образование как основа развития России. Кадры для инновационной экономики: материалы Шестого Профессорского форума, Москва, 14–16 ноября 2023 г. — Москва: Российское профессорское собрание, 2023. — С. 121–138. — EDN HMHGFL.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaufman, N. Yu. (2018). Transformation of knowledge management in the development of the digital economy. Creative Economy, 12(3), 261–270. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18334/ce.12.3.38922</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Окоракова, А. А. Исследование проблем внедрения и развития системы управления знаниями в вузах / А А. Окоракова // Экономика, предпринимательство и право. — 2025. — Т. 15, № 3. — С. 1975–1990. — https://doi.org/10.18334/epp.15.3.122796. — EDN QCGWUI.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komarova, A. V. (2012). Formation of a project-oriented knowledge management system. Moscow: Creative Economy. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полани, М. Личностное знание. На пути к посткритической философии. Часть 4: Познание и бытие. 11. Логика достижений (1–4) / М. Полани // Философия творчества: Ежегодник. — Москва: ИИнтеЛЛ, 2018. — С. 402–416. — EDN OHFAWX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koskinen, K. U. (2000). Tacit Knowledge as a Promoter of Project Success. European Journal of Purchasing &amp; Supply Management, 6(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-7012(99)00006-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руднева, Н. С. Управление знаниями в контексте оптимизации и автоматизации бизнес-процессов / Н. С. Руднева // Индустриальная экономика. — 2026. — № 1. — С. 84–90. — https://doi.org/10.47576/2949-1886.2026.1.1.010. — EDN GYVZAL.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koskinen, K. U., Pihlanto, P., Vanharanta, H. (2003). Tacit Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing in a Project Work Context. International Journal of Project Management, 21(4), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00030-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковлев, А. А. Теоретические аспекты управления знаниями / А. А. Яковлев // Креативная экономика. — 2008. — № 10(22). — С. 3–9. — EDN JUGSFL.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseeva, T. V. (2017). Knowledge management in intersubjective management of innovative development of sociotechnical objects. Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. Technical Sciences Series, 2(54), 74–83. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Argyris, C. Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective / C. Argyris, D. A. Schon. — Addison-Wesley; 1978. — 356 p. — ISBN 978-0-201-00174-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neizvestny, S. I. (2023). The transformation of managerial thought in Society 5.0 and the formation of new managerial competencies. In: Science and education as the basis for development in Russia: Personnel for innovative economy: Proceedings of the Sixth Professorial Forum, Moscow, November 14–16, 2023. Moscow: Russian Professorial Assembly. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blank, S. The Startup Owner’s Manual: The Step-by-Step Guide for Building a Great Company / S. Blank, B. Dorf. — Pescadero: K&amp;S Ranch, 2012. — 608 p. — ISBN 978-0-9849993-0-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nonaka, I. (1994). A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14–37. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.5.1.14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cagan, M. Inspired: How to Create Tech Products Customers Love / M. Cagan. — 2nd edition. — Hoboken: Wiley, 2018. — 368 p. — ISBN 978-1-119-38750-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nonaka, I., Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper, R. G. Winning at New Products: Creating Value Through Innovation / R. G. Cooper. — 5th edition. — New York: Basic Books, 2017. — 448 p. — ISBN 978-0-465-09332-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okorakova, A. A. (2025). Research on problems of implementation and development of knowledge management systems in universities. Journal of Economics, Entrepreneurship and Law, 15(3). (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.18334/epp.15.3.122796.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davenport, T. H. Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know / T. H. Davenport, L. Prusak. — McGraw-Hill, 1998. — 199 p. — ISBN 978-0-87584-655-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereira, L., Da Costa, R. L., Dias, A., Goncalves, R., &amp; Jeronimo, C. (2022). Project Management Tacit Knowledge for Continuous Improvement. International Journal of Economics and Business Research, 24(4), 492–514.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koskinen, K. U. Tacit Knowledge as a Promoter of Project Success / K. U. Koskinen // European Journal of Purchasing &amp; Supply Management. — 2000. — Vol. 6, No. 1. — Pp. 41–47. — https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-7012(99)00006-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pichler, R. (2016). Strategize: Product Strategy and Product Roadmap Practices for the Digital Age. London: Pichler Consulting.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koskinen, K. U. Tacit Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing in a Project Work Context / K. U. Koskinen, P. Pihlanto, H. Vanharanta // International Journal of Project Management. — 2003. — Vol. 21, No. 4. — Pp. 281–290. — https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00030-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polanyi, M. (1966). The Tacit Dimension. Garden City: Doubleday.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nonaka, I. A. Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation / I. A. Nonaka // Organization Science. — 1994. — Vol. 5, No. 1. — Pp. 14–37. — https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.5.1.14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polanyi, M. (1985). Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. Moscow: Progress. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nonaka, I. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation / I. Nonaka, H. Takeuchi. — Oxford University Press, 1995. — 284 p. — ISBN 978-0-19-509269-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Project Management Institute. (2021). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide). 7th ed. Newtown Square: PMI.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pereira, L. Project Management Tacit Knowledge for Continuous Improvement / L. Pereira, R. L. Da Costa, A. Dias [et al.] // International Journal of Economics and Business Research. — 2022. — Vol. 24, No. 4. — Pp. 492–514. — https://doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2022.123176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ries, E. (2011). The Lean Startup. New York: Crown Business.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pichler, R. Strategize: Product Strategy and Product Roadmap Practices for the Digital Age / R. Pichler. — London: Pichler Consulting, 2016. — 200 p. — ISBN 978-0-9934992-0-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rudneva, N. S. (2026). Knowledge management in the context of optimization and automation of business processes. Industrial Economics, 1, 84–90. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.47576/29491886.2026.1.1.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polanyi, M. The Tacit Dimension / M. Polanyi. — Garden City: Doubleday, 1966. — 108 p. — ISBN 978-0385069885.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terhorst, A., Lusher, D., Bolton, D., Elsum, I., &amp; Wang, P. (2018). Tacit Knowledge Sharing in Open Innovation Projects. Project Management Journal, 49(4), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972818781628</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Project Management Institute. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) — Seventh Edition and The Standard for Project Management / Project Management Institute. — Newtown Square: PMI, 2021. — 368 p. — ISBN 978-1-62825-664-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulwick, A. W. (2005). What Customers Want: Using Outcome-Driven Innovation to Create Breakthrough Products and Services. New York: McGraw-Hill.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ries, E. The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses / E. Ries. — New York: Crown Business, 2011. — 336 p. — ISBN: 978-0-307-88789-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva, E. V., Neizvestny, S. I., Slavin, B. B., &amp; Yashchenko, Yu. G. (2025). Formation of relevant competencies of business informatics specialists in the context of IT globalization 2.0. Moscow: KNORUS. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terhorst, A. Tacit Knowledge Sharing in Open Innovation Projects / A. Terhorst, D. Lusher, D. Bolton [et al.] // Project Management Journal. — 2018. — Vol. 49, No. 4. — Pp. 5–19. — https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972818781628.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ulwick, A. W. What Customers Want: Using Outcome-Driven Innovation to Create Breakthrough Products and Services / A. W. Ulwick. — New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005. — 288 p. — ISBN 978-0-07-140867-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiig, K. M. (1997). Integrating Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management. Long Range Planning, 30(3), 323– 324+399–405.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wenger, E. Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity / E. Wenger. — Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. — 318 p. — ISBN 978-0-521-66363-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovlev, A. A. (2008). Theoretical aspects of knowledge management. Creative Economy, 10(22). (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiig, K. M. Integrating Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management / K. M. Wiig // Long Range Planning. — 1997. — Vol. 30, No. 3. — P. 323–324+399–405. — EDN AHLYTX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zvyagintsev, I. V., Ruzakova, O. V. (2015). Formation of a knowledge management system in an organization using tacit knowledge. Fundamental Research, 2, 1065–1069. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
